Oleh: Sofian Siregar
Gambaran Umum
Parliamentary Threshold adalah ambang batas partai politik memperoleh kursi di DPR. Parliamentary Threshold merupakan salah satu pola penyederhanaan partai politik melalui peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi DPR, partai politik harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara minimal 2,5 % dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional. Filosofis idealnya adalah dengan pembatasan parpol, maka visi, misi, dan program yang diusung parpol akan semakin jelas, transparan, dan dapat diterjemahkan secara nyata sehingga bermanfaat bagi rakyat. Selain itu, dengan jumlah partai terbatas, idealnya 5-7 parpol, rakyat akan lebih mudah mengenal parpol, sehingga rakyat tak dibuat bingung saat menentukan pilihannya. Hal lain terkait dengan penyederhanaan parpol adalah melalui ujian mengikuti pemilu. Artinya, jika dalam pemilu suatu parpol mendapatkan suara yang signifikan (sesuai dengan aturan UU Pemilu), maka parpol tersebut memang layak untuk ikut bertarung dalam pemilihan umum.
Parliamentary Threshold diatur dalam Pasal 202 ayat (1) UU No. 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR, DPD dan DPRD. Dengan ketentuan ini, Parpol yang tak beroleh suara minimal 2,5 persen tak berhak mempunyai perwakilan di DPR. Sehingga suara yang telah diperoleh oleh parpol tersebut dianggap hangus. Kemudian, Pasal 202 ayat (2) UU No 10 Tahun 2008 menyatakan bahwa konsep parliamentary threshold tidak berlaku dalam penentuan perolehan kursi DPRD provinsi dan DPRD kabupaten/kota.
Sebagai suatu konsep yang baru dalam pemilihan umum anggota DPR, parliamentary threshold menuai banyak pro dan kontra. Pihak yang pro menyatakan bahwa konsep ini merupakan konsep yang bagus untuk menyederhanakan partai politik di Indonesia. Hal ini berkaitan dengan sistem pemerintahan presidensial dan sistem multipartai di Indonesia yang dianggap tidak cocok bila disandingkan bersama. Scott Mainwaring yang melakukan studi perbandingan politik negara-negara berkembang tentang hubungan presidensialisme, multipartai dan demokrasi pada tahun 1993 juga menyatakan bahwa sistem presidensial tidak kompatibel dengan sistem multipartai. Kombinasi kedua sistem ini mengakibatkan sulitnya membangun koalisi antarpartai politik dan hal ini tentu saja dapat mengganggu stabilitas pemerintahan. Sedangkan pihak yang kontra melihat aturan parliamentary threshold tidak adil bagi partai politik baru dan hanya menguntungkan partai politik besar. Hal ini bisa dilihat menjelang pemilihan umum tahun 2009 dimana koalisi 10 partai politik peserta pemilu mengajukan uji materi Pasal 202 ayat (1) UU No 10 Tahun 2008 kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi.
Mainwaring mengatakan bahwa akan ada problem manakala sistem presidensial dikombinasikan dengan sistem multipartai. Kombinasi seperti ini akan menghasilkan instabilitas pemerintahan. Ini terjadi karena faktor fragmentasi kekuatan-kekuatan politik di parlemen dan ”jalan buntu” bila terjadi konflik relasi eksekutif- legislatif. Karena itu, sistem presidensial lebih cocok menggunakan sistem dwipartai. Dengan menggunakan sistem ini, efektivitas dan stabilitas pemerintahan relatif terjamin.
Dampak multipartai di Indonesia dapat kita rasakan bersama, yaitu sulitnya Presiden untuk membuat “Decision Making” berkaitan dengan masalah kehidupan berbangsa dan negara yang strategis meliputi aspek; politik, ekonomi, diplomasi dan militer. Bila kita mengamati secara fokus hubungan antara eksekutif dan legislatif, Presiden mengalamai resistansi karena peran legislatif lebih dominan dalam sistem multipartai. Sebenarnya posisi Presiden RI sangat kuat karena presiden dipilih langsung oleh rakyat bukan dipilh oleh DPR. Tetapi dalam hal penerbitan dan pengesahan perundang-undangan presiden perlu dukungan DPR. DPR yang merupakan lembaga negara, justru menjadi resistansi dalam sistem pemerintahan kita, karena mereka bisa dengan kepentingan primordial masing-masing.
Batasan Permasalahan
Penerapan Parliamentary Threshold dalam pemilihan umum anggota DPR RI dan kaitannya dengan Hak Asasi Manusia.
Kajian Permasalahan
Wacana penyederhanaan partai politik semakin mengemuka terutama ketika membahas Undang-Undang No. 10 tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR, DPD dan DPRD. Secara teoritis, dalam sistem Presidensiil yang dianut oleh Indonesia, lebih cocok disandingkan dengan sistem multi-partai yang sederhana. Sedangkan sistem multipartai yang digunakan Indonesia selama ini lebih cocok untuk digunakan dalam sistem parlementer. Ada banyak cara yang dapat digunakan untuk membatasi jumlah partai yang politik yang duduk di parlemen, antara lain melalui Electoral Threshold atau melalui Parliamentary Threshold seperti yang dianut oleh Jerman.
Parliamentary Threshold di Indonesia, khususnya pada Pemilu 2009, yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 tersebut menjelaskan ketentuan yang berlaku dalam pasal 202, yaitu :
(1) Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara sekurang-kurangnya 2,5% (dua koma lima perseratus) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi DPR.
(2) Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku dalam penentuan perolehan kursi DPRD provinsi dan DPRD kabupaten/kota.
Dengan begitu walaupun suatu partai politik mencapai perolehan suara mencapai Bilangan Pembagi Pemilih (BPP) di suatu daerah “A” namun dikarenakan secara nasional perolehan suara partai politik tersebut tidak mencapai 2,5%, maka dengan sendirinya tidak diikutsertakan dalam pembagian kursi. Buktinya dari 38 partai peserta pemilu hanya 9 yang memiliki wakilnya di parlemen.
Tentunya kita bertanya kemana suara parpol yang tidak sampai memperoleh ambang batas 2,5% tersebut? Konsekuensi dari pemberlakuan undang-undang tersebut, suara parpol otomatis hilang/ hangus, sehingga kemudian suara tersebut tidak ikut dihitung, hanya parpol yang mencapai 2,5% suara sah nasional atau lebih saja yang diikutsertakan dalam perolehan kursi. Namun ketentuan Parliamentary Threshold tidak berlaku bagi pembagian kursi di tingkat DPRD Provinsi dan DPRD Kabupaten.
Disinilah letak titik lemah ketentuan tersebut diatas, karena suara rakyat pemilih parpol yang tak lolos Parliamentary Threshold (berkisar 18% lebih) cenderung tidak dipertimbangkan sama sekali, pertimbangan seseorang untuk memilih parpol tertentu pada dasarnya dikarenakan kesesuaian antara platform partai yang diperjuangkan dan ini mencederai hak asasi pemilih yang diakui dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Bagi para penyusun undang-undang ini, mungkin ini merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi lawan di parlemen, sehingga daya saing mereka meningkat. Dengan semakin banyaknya partai dibandingkan pemilu 2004 yang lalu, karena tidak semua partai dapat masuk ke DPR.
Sehingga ketentuan Parliamentary Threshold ini menimbulkan persoalan bagi sebagian kalangan, utamanya partai kecil, yang tidak mendulang banyak massa. Kekhawatiran muncul karena tipisnya harapan untuk duduk di DPR dan ikut menjadi penentu kebijakan nasional. Sementara keikutsertaan dalam pemerintahan dijamin oleh Undang-Undang Dasar. Kekhawatiran lain juga muncul karena hanya partai besar saja yang dipastikan akan memperoleh kursi di DPR sehingga hanya kepentingan partai besar yang akan terpenuhi. Sementara partai kecil mengklaim bahwa mereka membawa kepentingan rakyat kecil yang selama ini gagal diperjuangkan oleh partai besar lainnya. Hal paling ekstrim yang dikhawatirkan sebagian kalangan adalah ketakutan bahwa dengan Parliamentary Threshold ini akan membawa Indonesia kembali pada era Orde Baru dimana parlemen dikuasai oleh partai besar dan dekat dengan kekuasaan.
Ismail Sunny dalam bukunya Demokrasi Menurut Pancasila menyebutkan bahwa tujuan penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum (general election) atau pemilu itu pada pokoknya dapat dirumuskan ada empat, yaitu :
1. sanakan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat;
4. untuk melaksauntuk memungkinkan terjadinya peralihan kepemimpinan pemerintahan secara tertib dan damai;
2. untuk memungkinkan terjadinya pergantian pejabat yang mewakili kepentingan rakyat di lembaga perwakilan;
3. untuk melaknakan prinsip hak-hak asasi warga.
Dalam hal ini ketentuan Parliamentary Threshold (PT) tidak lebih baik dari Electoral Threshold (ambang batas perolehan kursi suatu parpol agar dapat mengikuti Pemilu berikutnya), karena pemberlakuan PT lebih mengebiri prinsip-prinsip hak asasi warga. Mahkamah Konstitusi sendiri mengakui bahwa PT kurang baik dan inkonsisten. Namun meskipu12/10/11 1:10 AMn tidak baik karena itu bukan bidang MK, maka MK tidak boleh membatalkan.
Karena adanya kekhawatiran tersebut, maka ketentuan Parliamentary Threshold ini sempat digugat ke Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia untuk di uji dengan undang-undang dasar 1945.
Pemohon perkara tersebut adalah partai-partai politik peserta Pemilu 2009, yaitu Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan (PDP), Partai Patriot (PP), Partai Persatuan Daerah (PPD), Partai Peduli Rakyat Nasional (PPRN), Partai Indonesia Sejahtera (PIS), Partai Nasional Banteng Kerakyatan (PNBK) Indonesia, Partai Perjuangan Indonesia Baru (PPIB), Partai Karya Perjuangan (Pakar Pangan), Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (Hanura), Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia (PKDI), dan Partai Merdeka, serta calon anggota DPR peserta Pemilu 2009 dan anggota Parpol peserta Pemilu 2009.
Mereka menganggap Pasal 202 ayat (1), Pasal 203, Pasal 205, Pasal 206, Pasal 207, Pasal 208, dan Pasal 209 Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (UU Pemilu) yang terkait dengan pemberlakuan Parliamentary Threshold tidak konstitusional.
Di antara ketiga kelompok Pemohon tersebut, MK menyatakan bahwa hanya anggota Parpol peserta Pemilu 2009 yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai Pemohon, karena tidak menunjukkan bukti kartu keanggotaan partai politiknya.
Terkait dengan pokok permohonan, MK berpendapat lembaga legislatif dapat menentukan ambang batas sebagai legal policy bagi eksistensi partai politik baik berbentuk electoral threshold (ET) maupun Parlimentary Threshold. “Kebijakan seperti ini diperbolehkan oleh konstitusi sebagai politik penyederhanaan kepartaian karena pada hakikatnya adanya Undang-Undang tentang Sistem Kepartaian atau Undang-Undang Politik yang terkait memang dimaksudkan untuk membuat pembatasan-pembatasan sebatas yang dibenarkan oleh konstitusi,” ucap Hakim Konstitusi Abdul Mukthie Fadjar membacakan pertimbangan putusan.
Mengenai berapa besarnya angka ambang batas, menurut MK, adalah menjadi kewenangan pembentuk Undang-Undang untuk menentukannya tanpa boleh dicampuri oleh MK selama tidak bertentangan dengan hak politik, kedaulatan rakyat, dan rasionalitas. Hal ini tertuang dalam sidang pengucapan putusan perkara 3/PUU-VII/2009.
Simpulan
Pelaksanaan Parliamentary Threshold pada pemilu legislatif di suatu negara tidak berkaitan langsung dengan bentuk negaranya. Setiap negara bebas memilih bagaimana konsepsi demokrasi itu dilaksanakan. Letak utama dari pelaksanaan demokrasi adalah sejalan dengan nilai-nilai yang berkembang pada masyarakat di suatu bangsa. Sehingga, refleksi dari demokrasi tidak menuntut suatu negara harus menerapkan suatu pemilu yang baku, melainkan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai ketatanegaraan pada negaranya.
Letak dasar adanya parliamentary threshold adalah untuk mengefektifitaskan representasi suara rakyat di parlemen, bukan membatasi hak rakyat untuk memilih wakilnya di parlemen. Suara yang tidak terwakili, bukan berarti membuat rakyat kehilangan kedaulatannya di parlemen. Rakyat Indonesia baik yang pilihannya duduk di DPR maupun tidak, tetap dalam lajur demokrasi karena setiap anggota DPR yang dipilih harus mengesampingkan kepentingan golongan atau partainya, dan mengutamakan kepentingan rakyat secara keseluruhan.
Scott Mainwaring menyatakan sistem presidensial sebenarnya tidak tepat diterapkan di negara yang multipartai. Hal ini disebabkan di dalam sebuah sistem presidensial dan multipartai, membangun koalisi partai politik adalah hal yang umum terjadi. Koalisi partai politik terjadi karena untuk mendapatkan dukungan mayoritas dari parlemen merupakan sesuatu yang sangat sulit. Namun masalahnya adalah koalisi yang dibangun di dalam sistem presidensial tidak bersifat mengikat dan permanen. Tidak adanya jaminan bahwa koalisi terikat untuk mendukung pemerintah sampai dengan berakhirnya masa kerja presiden. Hal ini memperlihatkan partai politik tidak mempunyai ideologi dalam koalisi. Mereka berkoalisi sesuai dengan isu yang ada dalam pemerintahan. Kombinasi seperti ini akan menghasilkan instabilitas pemerintahan. Hal ini bisa terjadi bila ada konflik antara eksekutif dengan legislatif yang menyebabkan deadlock.
Pemilu tahun 2009 dengan adanya parliamentary threshold sebesar 2.5%, dari 38 partai yang mengikuti pemilu terdapat 9 partai yang memiliki perwakilan di dalam DPR. Suara yang tidak terwakili dalam DPR pada pemilu 2009 mencapai 18.30%. Akan tetapi, tidak bisa menyebutkan bahwa 18.30% ini tidak terwakili di dalam DPR sebagaimana telah disebutkan tadi wakil yang telah duduk di DPR tidak hanya mewakili pemilihnya saja tetapi untuk seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Penerapan aturan ini tidak bertentangan dengan konstitusi dan hak asasi manusia karena esensi utamanya adalah adanya wakil yang dipilih secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil.
Oleh karena itu, untuk menciptakan pemerintahan yang efektif dan stabil, sistem multipartai yang ada di Indonesia sebaiknya disederhanakan. Salah satu caranya dengan parliamentary threshold ini. Adanya parliamentary threshold menjadi salah satu sarana untuk menyederhanakan partai dan ketentuannya bebas bagi suatu negara untuk menentukan batas dari parliamentary threshold. Sebagai contoh negara Israel yang menetapkan 2% dengan suara yang tidak terepresentasi di parlemen 3.05%, Jerman dengan parliamentary threshold sebesar 5% memiliki memiliki suara yang tidak terepresentasi di parlemen sebesar 6%. Negara Turki yang memiliki batas parliamentary threshold sebesar 10% memiliki suara yang tidak terepresentasi dalam parlemen sebesar 10% tidak menjawab ketakutan adanya suara yang tidak terwakili. Indonesia dengan parliamentary threshold 2,5%, masih memungkinkan dan tidak bertentangan dengan konstitusi hanya saja masih perlu dikaji atas dasar pertimbangan yang kuat termasuk diantaranya kesiapan dari partai yang ada.
Produk Hukum dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 2003 Tentang Pemilihan Umum
UU No. 10 tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD
Risalah Sidang MK Perkara No 3/PUU-VII/2009 Perihal UU No. 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD terhadap UUD 1945
Referensi:
• www.modusaceh.com focus: Parliamentary Threshold dan Multipartai Sederhana. Diakses pada tanggal 8 Desember 2011.
• MK Tak Bisa Batalkan PT, dalam http://www.inilah.com diakses tanggal 9 Desember 2011
• Pemilu 2009 yang Memerdekakan, dalam http://www. beritaIndonesia.com diakses tanggal 13 Mei 2009
• www.mahkamah kontitusi.go.id, ejurnal_Jurnal Konstitusi USU Vol 1 no 1.pdf, diunduh pada Jumat 9 Desember 2011 pukul 19.07 wib
• www.pemiluindonesia.com/kamus, pengertian Parliamentary Threshold. Diakses pada tanggal 9 Desember 2011
Thursday, December 15, 2011
Saturday, September 17, 2011
Liger at Pematangsiantar Zoo
A Liger, the name of interbreeding between the Lions and Tigers are in Pematangsiantar Animal Park, North Sumatra-Indonesia. The animal is one example of genetic aberrations that should not be done by the breeder of animals for violating ethics, but in zoos and wildlife that frequent crossbreeding.
Friday, September 16, 2011
The Hare And The Tortoise
One day a tortoise went for a walk. As he plodded slowly along, he met a hare. The hare was going for a walk too. The hare had long legs. He did not walk. He ran, and jumped, and played about. He stopped to look at the tortoise, and he began to laugh.
‘You are a very funny shape!’ said the hare to the tortoise. He laughed and laughed. ‘Your legs are very short. Is that why you walk so slowly? Look at my legs. They are very long. I can run very fast.’
‘I like to walk slowly,’ said the tortoise, ‘but perhaps I can get to the top of the hill as soon as I can’.
‘What?’ said the hare. ‘Do you want to run a race with me?’ He laughed so much that he fell on the ground. He lay on the grass, laughing and kicking his legs in the air.
‘Don’t laugh too soon,’ said the tortoise. ‘ Here is a fox. I shall ask him to start the race. We shall see who finishes first.’
‘Ha, ha!’ laughed the hare. ‘ This will be fun.’
The fox started the race.
‘One, two, three – Go!’ he shouted.
When the fox shouted ‘Go!’ the hare gave a big jump and bounded away as fast as he could. The tortoise started walking slowly. Soon he was along way behind the hare.
Half way up to the hill, the hare stopped and looked back. The tortoise was creeping slowly along in the distance.
The hare laughed. He thought he was very clever. He nibbled some grass, and he played about.
‘That tortoise will take a long time to get to the top of the hill,’ he said to himself. ‘I’ll have a rest.’
The hare lay down on the grass and fell round asleep.
The tortoise plodded slowly on and on. He did not hurry, but he never stopped walking.
After a long time, he passed the hare lying asleep. The tortoise smiled, and went on walking.
After a while, the hare woke up. He looked behind him for the tortoise. The tortoise was not there. The hare looked all round about. At last he saw the tortoise, nearly at the top of the hill. The hare jumped up, and bounded away as fast as he could.
The fox stood at the top of the hill. The tortoise got there first. In the distance he saw the hare bounding along.
The hare came hurrying up, out of breath. The tortoise looked at him and smiled.
‘You have fine long legs,’ he said, ‘ but they did not get you here so fast as my short legs. Slow and steady wins the race!’
‘You are a very funny shape!’ said the hare to the tortoise. He laughed and laughed. ‘Your legs are very short. Is that why you walk so slowly? Look at my legs. They are very long. I can run very fast.’
‘I like to walk slowly,’ said the tortoise, ‘but perhaps I can get to the top of the hill as soon as I can’.
‘What?’ said the hare. ‘Do you want to run a race with me?’ He laughed so much that he fell on the ground. He lay on the grass, laughing and kicking his legs in the air.
‘Don’t laugh too soon,’ said the tortoise. ‘ Here is a fox. I shall ask him to start the race. We shall see who finishes first.’
‘Ha, ha!’ laughed the hare. ‘ This will be fun.’
The fox started the race.
‘One, two, three – Go!’ he shouted.
When the fox shouted ‘Go!’ the hare gave a big jump and bounded away as fast as he could. The tortoise started walking slowly. Soon he was along way behind the hare.
Half way up to the hill, the hare stopped and looked back. The tortoise was creeping slowly along in the distance.
The hare laughed. He thought he was very clever. He nibbled some grass, and he played about.
‘That tortoise will take a long time to get to the top of the hill,’ he said to himself. ‘I’ll have a rest.’
The hare lay down on the grass and fell round asleep.
The tortoise plodded slowly on and on. He did not hurry, but he never stopped walking.
After a long time, he passed the hare lying asleep. The tortoise smiled, and went on walking.
After a while, the hare woke up. He looked behind him for the tortoise. The tortoise was not there. The hare looked all round about. At last he saw the tortoise, nearly at the top of the hill. The hare jumped up, and bounded away as fast as he could.
The fox stood at the top of the hill. The tortoise got there first. In the distance he saw the hare bounding along.
The hare came hurrying up, out of breath. The tortoise looked at him and smiled.
‘You have fine long legs,’ he said, ‘ but they did not get you here so fast as my short legs. Slow and steady wins the race!’
Thursday, September 15, 2011
The Thirsty Crow
One hot day, a crow was very thirsty and wanted a drink of water. It was a long way to the river and she was too tired to fly there for a drink. She could not see a pool of water anywhere. She flew round and round. At last see saw a big of jug outside a house.
The crow flew down to the jug. She looked inside. There was a little water at the bottom of the jug.
The crow put her head into the jug, but she could not reach the water with her beak she climbed on to the jug. She almost fell into it, but she could not put her beak into the water.
The crow flew into the air and then she flew down at the jug and tried to break it with her beak. But the jug was strong. It would not break.
The crow flew at the jug, flapping her wings. She tried to knock it over, so that the water would run out the ground. But the jug was too heavy. It did not fall over. The crow was too tired to fly anymore. She thought she was going to die of thirst.
The crow sat down to rest. She thought and she thought. She did not want to die of thirst.
She saw some small stones lying on the ground. She had an idea. She peak up a stone in her beak and dropped it into the jug. Then another and another. The water rose higher every time a stone fell into the jug.
Soon the jug was nearly full of stones. The water came to the top. The clever crow put her beak into it at last, and had a drink. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
The crow flew down to the jug. She looked inside. There was a little water at the bottom of the jug.
The crow put her head into the jug, but she could not reach the water with her beak she climbed on to the jug. She almost fell into it, but she could not put her beak into the water.
The crow flew into the air and then she flew down at the jug and tried to break it with her beak. But the jug was strong. It would not break.
The crow flew at the jug, flapping her wings. She tried to knock it over, so that the water would run out the ground. But the jug was too heavy. It did not fall over. The crow was too tired to fly anymore. She thought she was going to die of thirst.
The crow sat down to rest. She thought and she thought. She did not want to die of thirst.
She saw some small stones lying on the ground. She had an idea. She peak up a stone in her beak and dropped it into the jug. Then another and another. The water rose higher every time a stone fell into the jug.
Soon the jug was nearly full of stones. The water came to the top. The clever crow put her beak into it at last, and had a drink. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
Friday, September 9, 2011
The Lion And The Mouse
A lion fell asleep in his den one afternoon. He had eaten a big dinner. A cheeky little mouse ran into the lion’s den.
He jumped on to the lion’s nose, and ran up to the top of his head. The lion woke up. He was very angry. He roared loudly, and caught the mouse in his paw.
‘How dare you wake me up!’ the lion roared.
‘I shall kill you for that.’
The mouse was terrified. ‘Please, please let me go,’ he cried.
‘I did not mean to wake you up. Do not kill me. Perhaps one day I shall be able to help you.’
‘What?’ said the lion, ‘How could a tiny animal like you help the King of all the Beast?’
The lion thought this was very funny. He laughed and let the mouse go free.
‘Alright, mouse,’ he said. ‘Run away.’
The mouse slipped out of the lion’s paw and scampered away.
One day some hunters spread a net in the forest to catch wild animals. The lion was caught in the net.
He struggled hard to get free. He rolled on the ground, but the net wound round and round him. Soon he could not move.
The mouse heard lion roaring and growling. He ran to see what had happened. ‘Lie still,’ he said to lion.
‘I shall set you free.’
The mouse ad sharp little teeth. He worked very hard and began chew through the net. Soon he had made a small hole.
The mouse chewed hard, the small hole in the net became a big hole. The lion could move one paw. The mouse went on chewing. Soon the lion could move another paw. Then he was able to stand up. The mouse had set him free!
‘There,’ said the mouse. ‘You laughed at me when I promised to help you. Now you see that a little mouse can help a great lion.’
The Man Who Tried To Please Everybody
One fine morning a farmer went to town to sell his donkey. His son went with him. The farmer led the donkey, and his son walked beside him. They sang as they walked along.
The farmer and his son passed some girls on the road. The girls began to laugh at them.
‘What’s wrong with your donkey?’ asked the girls.
‘Nothing,’ replied the farmer. ‘I am going to sell him in town for a lot of money.’
‘You are silly to walk all the way,’ said the girls. ‘Let your little boy ride.’
The farmer wanted to please the girls. He lifted his son on to the donkey, and walked on beside them.
Farther along the road, the farmer and his son met an old man. The old man shook his stick at the boy. ‘What a selfish boy you are,’ he cried, ‘riding the donkey while your poor father walks.’
To please the old man, the farmer lifted down his son and got on to the donkey himself.
As they went on their way, the farmer and his son met some women and children. One of the women pointed to the farmer. ‘Look at that lazy man!’ she said. ‘He rides the donkey and makes his poor little boy walks!’
To please the woman, the farmer helped his son to get up behind him.
The farmer and his son rode along together on the donkey. They passed some men. ‘Is that your donkey?’ the men asked. ‘You will kill him if you make him carry a heavy man and a boy. Why don’t you carry the poor donkey?’
The Farmer wanted to please the man. He and his son got off the donkey. They tight his leg together and slung him on s pole. The poor donkey struggled and kicked.
The farmer and his son put the ends of the pole on their shoulders. They walked into the town carrying the donkey.
The people in the town laughed to see a man and a boy a struggling donkey. They Ran along beside the farmer and his son, laughing and shouting.
The poor donkey was frightened. The farmer and his son were tired and hot. They put down the donkey. The beast kicked himself free, and galloped away. He felt into the river and was drowned.
The farmer went home sadly.
‘I tried to please everybody,’ he said to his son. ‘But I have pleased nobody, and I have lost my donkey.’
The farmer and his son passed some girls on the road. The girls began to laugh at them.
‘What’s wrong with your donkey?’ asked the girls.
‘Nothing,’ replied the farmer. ‘I am going to sell him in town for a lot of money.’
‘You are silly to walk all the way,’ said the girls. ‘Let your little boy ride.’
The farmer wanted to please the girls. He lifted his son on to the donkey, and walked on beside them.
Farther along the road, the farmer and his son met an old man. The old man shook his stick at the boy. ‘What a selfish boy you are,’ he cried, ‘riding the donkey while your poor father walks.’
To please the old man, the farmer lifted down his son and got on to the donkey himself.
As they went on their way, the farmer and his son met some women and children. One of the women pointed to the farmer. ‘Look at that lazy man!’ she said. ‘He rides the donkey and makes his poor little boy walks!’
To please the woman, the farmer helped his son to get up behind him.
The farmer and his son rode along together on the donkey. They passed some men. ‘Is that your donkey?’ the men asked. ‘You will kill him if you make him carry a heavy man and a boy. Why don’t you carry the poor donkey?’
The Farmer wanted to please the man. He and his son got off the donkey. They tight his leg together and slung him on s pole. The poor donkey struggled and kicked.
The farmer and his son put the ends of the pole on their shoulders. They walked into the town carrying the donkey.
The people in the town laughed to see a man and a boy a struggling donkey. They Ran along beside the farmer and his son, laughing and shouting.
The poor donkey was frightened. The farmer and his son were tired and hot. They put down the donkey. The beast kicked himself free, and galloped away. He felt into the river and was drowned.
The farmer went home sadly.
‘I tried to please everybody,’ he said to his son. ‘But I have pleased nobody, and I have lost my donkey.’
The Fox And The Grapes
A hungry fox was walking along a road one day. He saw some lovely bunches of grapes hanging over a high wall. He stopped to look at the grapes. They looked very good to eat.
The grapes were very high up. The fox stood on his hind legs and put his front paws on the wall. But the grapes were still too far away. He could not rich them. The fox jumped up as high as he could. He wanted to eat the grapes very much, but he could not reach them.
He jumped higher and higher. Sometimes his nose touched a grape, but he could not bite one off.
The fox jumped and jumped until he was very tired.
At last he stopped jumping and walked away with his nose in the air.
‘I don’t want those grapes,’ he said. ‘I thought they were very ripe, but now I am sure they are very sour.’
The grapes were very high up. The fox stood on his hind legs and put his front paws on the wall. But the grapes were still too far away. He could not rich them. The fox jumped up as high as he could. He wanted to eat the grapes very much, but he could not reach them.
He jumped higher and higher. Sometimes his nose touched a grape, but he could not bite one off.
The fox jumped and jumped until he was very tired.
At last he stopped jumping and walked away with his nose in the air.
‘I don’t want those grapes,’ he said. ‘I thought they were very ripe, but now I am sure they are very sour.’
The Town Mouse And The Country Mouse
A country mouse lived a field of barley. He made a nest and hung it upon two stalk of barley. The nest was very small a very light. It was made of grass.
The country mouse ate barley and the roots of other plants.
A mouse from town came to see the country mouse. The town mouse was very quick and clever. His coat was smooth and shining. His home was in a big house in the town.
The country mouse gave the town mouse dinner in the barley field. He thought out the very best barley and roots for the meal. But the town mouse did not enjoy his dinner.
‘My poor friend’, he said, ‘in town we have much nicer food than this. You must come to see where I lived. I shall give you all sorts of good things to eat.’
The town mouse returned to his home. The country mouse went with him. They went to a big house.
‘I lived here,’ said the town mouse. He pointed to a small hole in the wall. ‘That is my front door. Come and see my house.’
The town mouse scampered through the hole in the wall. The country mouse followed. They went into the big room. A thick carpet was on the floor. There were beautiful chairs and small tables.
‘This is the drawing room,’ said the town mouse. ‘Sometimes I sleep in the cupboard. We shall eat in the dining room.’
They scampered into another room. There was a long table in it. ‘Jump up,’ said the town mouse. ‘You can eat anything you like.’ The town mouse climbed up the table leg, and on to the table. The country mouse followed.
On the table the country mouse saw plates of bread and butter, jam and honey, and cheese. There was a cake full of currants and raisins. Another cake had icing on it, and there were different kinds of biscuits. A jug of water stood in the middle of the table.
The country mouse took a sip of honey. Then he nibbled a small piece of cake. He had never eaten anything so good.
Suddenly the door opened. The two mice jumped off the table, and hid under it. The country mouse was very frightened. A woman came in. She put another cake on the table. She did not see the mice, and she went away.
After a long time, the town mouse and the country mouse climbed back on to the table. The country mouse began to nibble another piece of cake.
Then they heard a dog barking. The dog ran into the room and began to sniff all round the table.
The mice hid behind a big cake. The woman came back.
‘Naughty dog!’ she said. ‘You must not steal the cakes.’ She chased the dog out of the room.
The town mouse began to eat again. ‘We must hurry.’ He said. ‘I am not afraid of the dog, but there is a cat here is too.’
But the country mouse was running away. ‘ No thank you,’ he said. ‘I am going home. This house is too dangerous for me. My house is small, and my food is plain, but I can live in peace and quiet.’
The country mouse went back to his home in the field of barley. He was happy with all his family around him.
The country mouse ate barley and the roots of other plants.
A mouse from town came to see the country mouse. The town mouse was very quick and clever. His coat was smooth and shining. His home was in a big house in the town.
The country mouse gave the town mouse dinner in the barley field. He thought out the very best barley and roots for the meal. But the town mouse did not enjoy his dinner.
‘My poor friend’, he said, ‘in town we have much nicer food than this. You must come to see where I lived. I shall give you all sorts of good things to eat.’
The town mouse returned to his home. The country mouse went with him. They went to a big house.
‘I lived here,’ said the town mouse. He pointed to a small hole in the wall. ‘That is my front door. Come and see my house.’
The town mouse scampered through the hole in the wall. The country mouse followed. They went into the big room. A thick carpet was on the floor. There were beautiful chairs and small tables.
‘This is the drawing room,’ said the town mouse. ‘Sometimes I sleep in the cupboard. We shall eat in the dining room.’
They scampered into another room. There was a long table in it. ‘Jump up,’ said the town mouse. ‘You can eat anything you like.’ The town mouse climbed up the table leg, and on to the table. The country mouse followed.
On the table the country mouse saw plates of bread and butter, jam and honey, and cheese. There was a cake full of currants and raisins. Another cake had icing on it, and there were different kinds of biscuits. A jug of water stood in the middle of the table.
The country mouse took a sip of honey. Then he nibbled a small piece of cake. He had never eaten anything so good.
Suddenly the door opened. The two mice jumped off the table, and hid under it. The country mouse was very frightened. A woman came in. She put another cake on the table. She did not see the mice, and she went away.
After a long time, the town mouse and the country mouse climbed back on to the table. The country mouse began to nibble another piece of cake.
Then they heard a dog barking. The dog ran into the room and began to sniff all round the table.
The mice hid behind a big cake. The woman came back.
‘Naughty dog!’ she said. ‘You must not steal the cakes.’ She chased the dog out of the room.
The town mouse began to eat again. ‘We must hurry.’ He said. ‘I am not afraid of the dog, but there is a cat here is too.’
But the country mouse was running away. ‘ No thank you,’ he said. ‘I am going home. This house is too dangerous for me. My house is small, and my food is plain, but I can live in peace and quiet.’
The country mouse went back to his home in the field of barley. He was happy with all his family around him.
The Greedy Dog
A greedy dog went into a butcher’s shop and stole a big juicy bone. He ran away so fast that the butcher could not catch him. He ran out into the fields with his bone. He was going to eat it all by himself.
The dog came to stream. There was a narrow bridge across it. The dog walked on to the bridge, and looked into the water. He could see his own shadow in the water. He thought it was another dog with a big bone in his mouth.
The greedy dog thought the bone in the water looked much bigger than the one he had stolen from the butcher.
The greedy dog dropped the bone from his mouth. It felt into the water and was lost. He jumped into the water to snatch the bigger bone from the other dog.
The greedy dog jumped into the water with a big splash. He looked everywhere but he could not see the other dog. His shadow had gone.
The silly dog went home hungry. He lost his bone and got nothing because he had been too greedy.
The dog came to stream. There was a narrow bridge across it. The dog walked on to the bridge, and looked into the water. He could see his own shadow in the water. He thought it was another dog with a big bone in his mouth.
The greedy dog thought the bone in the water looked much bigger than the one he had stolen from the butcher.
The greedy dog dropped the bone from his mouth. It felt into the water and was lost. He jumped into the water to snatch the bigger bone from the other dog.
The greedy dog jumped into the water with a big splash. He looked everywhere but he could not see the other dog. His shadow had gone.
The silly dog went home hungry. He lost his bone and got nothing because he had been too greedy.
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